20 THE BOOK OF THE GRAPE 



be allowed in fixing the bed for the four feet six inch 

 boiler ; three and a half inch for the six feet six inch 

 size ; and five inches for the nine feet six inch boiler. 



The tubular boilers according to my experience of 

 them will last a life-time, and that a long life too. In 

 saying this I have in my mind's eye two or three tubulars 

 which at the present time are apparently as good, and do 

 their work as efficiently, as when placed in position forty 

 years ago. In the case of small houses, there are various 

 shapes and sizes of Saddle boilers to choose from. 



In heating forcing-houses it is good policy to provide 

 them liberally with four-inch pipes. It is much better 

 to obtain the necessary degree of heat in a house by 

 means of a greater number of pipes moderately heated 

 than by the use of fewer highly heated. Of course 

 this would increase the initial cost of the heating ap- 

 paratus, but it would be more than compensated for 

 by the economy in fuel, in heating the pipes moderately 

 rather than to a maximum degree in order to get up 

 and maintain the desired temperature. Moreover, the 

 degree of heat thus acquired is necessarily more genial 

 and less arid than that afforded by highly heated pipes, 

 in addition to which the heating apparatus is subjected 

 to less strain in doing the work required of it. 



Either socketed pipes with joints made of a few 

 rounds of yarn and cement to finish off with, or plain-, 

 end pipes connected by indiarubber joints may be used. 

 Both are effective and easily made joints ; the indiarubber 

 joints, if a little more expensive, are more easily made 

 and quite as easy to take apart as put together, which 

 circumstance is an advantage worthy of consideration by 

 those about to heat their houses by means of hot water. 



A lean-to vinery sixteen feet wide and having a rafter 

 nineteen feet in length, should, if used to produce ripe 

 grapes by the end of April, have three flow four-inch 

 pipes in front, and two returns running alongside the 



