DISEASES OF VINES 93 



together. The remedy is to give sufficient water at the 

 roots to moisten the soil, and syringing the leaves with 

 tepid water, or sponging the affected leaves (both upper 

 and lower surfaces) with soft soapy water ; the most 

 radical remedy, however, being the sulphuring of the 

 pipes, as recommended for mildew. But before having 

 recourse to the remedy last mentioned, it would be well 

 to fumigate with nicotine compound (XL-ALL vaporising 

 compound), and afterwards to maintain a more humid 

 atmosphere until the grapes begin to colour. 



Thrips (Thrips minutissima) attack vines growing in 

 houses heated by hot-water pipes and flues, and not 

 unfrequently both thrips and red spider are introduced 

 into vineries by growing in them French beans, straw- 

 berries, and azaleas (to make fresh growths after the 

 flowering period is over). The same cause or causes 

 answerable for the presence of red spider, may also 

 account for the presence of thrips. Fumigate with 

 XL-ALL vaporising compound in the evening after the 

 sun has gone off the vinery. This is more effective in one 

 fumigation than is fumigation by tobacco on three evenings 

 in succession, and, moreover, there is no objectionable 

 smell of burnt tobacco experienced on the morning after 

 fumigation by the vaporising compound, as is the case 

 after fumigation with tobacco paper. Give air some- 

 what freely, weather permitting, on the day following 

 fumigation, and maintain a moist growing temperature. 

 Red spider and thrips seldom attack vines growing in 

 cool houses or out of doors if kept properly supplied 

 with water at the roots. 



The Vine Louse (Phylloxera vastatrix) is the most 

 virulent as well as the most formidable insect pest to 

 the attacks of which the vine is heir. This I know by 

 having, in 1879-80, had considerable practical experience 

 of the pest in five out of seven or eight vineries at Long- 

 ford Castle. As the result of several carefully-made 



