ii INTELLIGENCE AND INSTINCT 143 



never been a complete severance between them : they 

 haunt each other continually ; everywhere we find them 

 mingled ; it is the proportion that differs. So with in 

 telligence and instinct. There is no intelligence in which 

 some traces of instinct are not to be discovered, more 

 especially no instinct that is not surrounded with a 

 fringe of intelligence. It is this fringe of intelligence 

 that has been the cause of so many misunderstandings. 

 From the fact that instinct is always more or less 

 intelligent, it has been concluded that instinct and 

 intelligence are things of the same kind, that there is 

 only a difference of complexity or perfection between 

 them, and, above all, that one of the two is expressible 

 in terms of the other. In reality, they accompany each 

 other only because they are complementary, and they 

 are complementary only because they are different, 

 what is instinctive in instinct being opposite to what 

 is intelligent in intelligence. 



We are bound to dwell on this point. It is one of 

 the utmost importance. 



Let us say at the outset that the distinctions we 

 are going to make will be too sharply drawn, just 

 because we wish to define in instinct what is in 

 stinctive, and in intelligence what is intelligent, whereas 

 all concrete instinct is mingled with intelligence, as all 

 real intelligence is penetrated by instinct. Moreover, 

 neither intelligence nor instinct lends itself to rigid 

 definition : they are tendencies, and not things. 

 Also, it must not be forgotten that in the present 

 chapter we are considering intelligence and instinct 

 as going out of life which deposits them along its 

 course. Now the life manifested by an organism 

 is, in our view, a certain effort to obtain certain 

 things from the material world. No wonder, there- 



