58 LETTER TO TIIE SECRETARY OF WAR. 



route was good, there having been a scarcity only two nights. He fitted ont Mr. Tinkham s 

 party for this difficult work to his entire satisfaction, and at the last crossing of Clark s fork 

 he despatched, in conformity with my instructions, Lieutenant Arnold to Fort Colville, with a 

 thoroughly organized detached party, with instruments for the determination of the barometric 

 profile and the latitude. At Colville I left instructions to Lieutenant Arnold to place his ani 

 mals and most of his men in camp, to ascend the main Columbia in canoes to the 49th parallel, 

 and there ascertain the important facts of the geography, and to send word by Indian runners 

 to Dr. Buckley to cross by land from the Fend d Oreille mission to Colville, the navigation 

 thence to Colville being dangerous and almost impracticable ; and I left it discretionary with 

 Lieutenant Arnold to go to Wallah-Wallah from Colville either by land, along its left bank, 

 or in boats, leaving also Dr. Suckley.a like discretion in reference to my original instructions. 

 For my instructions to Lieutenant Arnold, see paper 9 from Colville, (this paper has been 

 mislaid.) paper 10 from Camp Washington; and to Dr. Suckley, see paper 11, also from Camp 

 Washington. I will here observe that on the route from St. Mary s valley I met many Pend 

 d Oreille Indians, and took measures which I trust secured Dr. Suckley an Indian guide the 

 whole distance from Fort Owen to the Pend d Oreille mission. I also was able to do something 

 towards bringing into relations with Lieutenant Mullan all the Indians going to the buffalo 

 hunt. They have a common route through the St. Mary s valley, and pass within a short dis 

 tance of Fort Owen. 



In a letter received from Lieutenant Arnold by the Hudson s Bay express, and which is given 

 in paper 12 in the appendix, (this has been misl_aid,) I learned that he reached Colville with 

 his party on the 31st of October, and that after making the examinations required of the 

 Columbia, in the vicinity of the 49th parallel, he should decide to go to Wallah-Wallah by 

 land; and I am assured by that chivalric and American-hearted man, A. McDonald, Esq., the 

 factor in charge of the Colville post, that he would render him every assistance in his power. 

 With it and the examination already made, we shall have an excellent general knowledge of 

 the country from Colville to Wallah-Wallah, and the several crossings of the Columbia, Spo 

 kane, and Snake rivers, and be able to connect the best pass of the Cascades with that of the 

 Coeur d Alene range. It was in moving from Colville and the Clark river crossing, on the 

 morning of the 26th of October, that the only snow on the entire route fell. It was to the 

 depth of some three to six inches, and disappeared in a few days. 



Camp Washington was broken up on the 29th, 30th, and 31st of October, and Wallah- 

 Wallah was reached by myself on the 2d of November, by Lieutenant Donelson on the 6th, 

 and Captain McClellan on the 7th of that month. 



Here I learned that the emigrant wagons had succeeded in crossing to the sound by the Nah- 

 chess Pass, and learning from Pu-pu-mux-mux, the Wallah-Wallah chief, that his people were 

 now going through it on horseback, and being satisfied, from the known height of the pass, the 

 general character of the season as shown in the quantity of snow on the Blue mountains, and 

 the inferences to be drawn from the extraordinary mildness of the Puget sound climate, that it 

 would be practicable for some twenty days, I assigned Mr. Lander to the duty of carrying over 

 it the odometer survey, of observing the general character of that range as regards railroad 

 constructions, and of adding to our knowledge of the meteorology of that region. I have not 

 a copy of that order with me, but will send it in a future communication. 



To fit out Mr. Lander for that duty, I got horses and grain ; but the day after my departure 

 Indians came in with information that snow had fallen in the pass, that the last emigrants had 

 lost their animals in it, and that even Indians had been compelled to turn back. Mr. Lander 

 then determined to follow in the trail of the other parties to the Dalles. 



Although I regret Mr. Lander did not persevere, I do not censure him for his course. In a 

 new country it is very difficult to get the truth from the information given, and it has been 

 found to be our most vexatious experience on the whole march. But it would have proved, 

 in my judgmentj an entirely practicable undertaking, and would have made our information 



