BACTERIAL CELLULAR SUBSTANCE 71 



with alcohol containing ether, then with ether, dried, and 

 pulverized. The yield from 50 grams of haptophor was 19 

 grams. This was twice dissolved in water made faintly 

 alkaline with sodium acid carbonate, and reprecipitated by 

 alcohol containing hydrochloric acid and ether. The final 

 precipitate G weighed 16 grams. With water, G forms an 

 emulsion, acid in reaction and cleared by the addition of 

 alkali. The biuret test is negative, Millon doubtful, xantho- 

 proteic, Adamkiewicz, a-naphthol, and orcin tests are all 

 positive, the carbohydrate tests being very marked. After 

 boiling with acid there is copious reduction of Fehling's 

 solution. G was tested for glycogen, with negative results. 

 One gram of G boiled two and one-half hours with 72 c.c. 

 of 2.5 per cent, hydrochloric acid, gave 38.63 per cent, of 

 reducing substance calculated as xylose. A second gram 

 boiled for five hours yielded 43.77 per cent. 



The second carbohydrate, or, more properly, the second 

 substance giving the a-naphthol test in bacterial proteins, 

 is not converted into a reducing sugar on being boiled with 

 dilute mineral acid. In Wheeler's work with sarcina lutea 

 it remained as a residue after extracting the cell material 

 with 10 per cent, potassium hydroxide at 120. This 

 residue responded to the a-naphthol test, did not give the 

 protein reactions, and did contain nitrogen. The same 

 investigator also found this body in alkaline extracts of 

 the residue left after extraction with dilute acid. In her 

 work with the cell substance of the colon bacillus, Leach 

 makes the following statement touching this body: "The 

 residue, after repeated extraction with dilute sulphuric 

 acid .(from 1 to 5 per cent.), was treated with 2 to 4 per 

 cent, sodium hydrate either upon the water-bath or over 

 a free flame. In every case the substance went into solution 

 readily, leaving only a slight coating on the filter. The 

 slight residue gave no protein test, contained no nitrogen, 

 but gave test for carbohydrate. In one case it was removed 

 from the filter, and the organic matter approximately 

 determined. The total residue was about 0.4 gram, equiva- 

 lent to 0.8 per cent, of the cell substance used. The organic 



