PROTEIN SENSITIZATION OR ANAPHYLAXIS 251 



sensitized dog coagulates like that of a normal animal, while 

 that in anaphylactic shock remains fluid for hours and 

 even days. (2) During anaphylactic shock the polynuclear 

 leukocytes wholly disappear from the blood, while the 

 lymphocytes and platelets remain. (3) A second reinjec- 

 tion made in the depression phase or some hours later, or 

 on the next day after recovery, is wholly without effect. 

 This is true whether the amount of serum employed in the 

 second reinjection is small or large. Furthermore, the 

 animal is anti-anaphylactic after the shock has been either 

 prevented or relieved, by the administration of barium 

 chloride. However, Biedl and Kraus did find one dog 

 which rapidly recovered under barium chloride responsive 

 to a second reinjection made the next day. 



Biedl and Kraus compare anaphylactic shock with the 

 poisoning of normal dogs with Witte's peptone, and find 

 that even in the minutest details they are not only similar, 

 but identical. The intravenous injection of Witte's peptone 

 in normal dogs in doses from 0.3 to 0.03 grams per kilo 

 causes fall in blood pressure, loss of coagulability of the 

 blood, the disappearance of polynuclear leukocytes, and 

 peptone immunity. Moreover, peptone poisoning can be 

 prevented or relieved by injections of barium chloride. 

 They conclude that anaphylactic intoxication is caused by 

 a poison which is physiologically identical with the active 

 constituent of Witte's peptone. This is of the highest 

 importance to us because we hold that the protein poison 

 of Vaughan and Wheeler is the active principle of Witte's 

 peptone, and in fact of all proteins which contain ana- 

 phylactogens. We have prepared this poison from Witte's 

 peptone as well as from other proteins, bacterial, vegetable, 

 and animal. We will return to this point. 



It should be understood that the above extracts from the 

 researches of Biedl and Kraus refer only to serum anaphyl- 

 actic intoxication, as observed in dogs. As has been stated, 

 the cause of death from anaphylactic shock in guinea-pigs 

 was discovered by Gay and Southard and more fully studied 

 by Auer and Lewis, and has been confirmed by subsequent 



