PRUNING IN THE NORTHWEST 145 



injured trees often throw up many sprouts from the base 

 of the trunk, seems to me evidence in the affirmative." 



Professor Budd, Iowa: "In cutting back injured parts 

 of raspberry, blackberry, shrubs, or the orchard fruits in- 

 jured by winter, I prefer to wait for the starting of the buds, 

 and then cut to the point where the buds start in a healthful 

 way. But in severe injury, such as that of the Florida 

 orange trees, I gave the advice to cut before there was 

 any show of buds." 



Professor Green, Minnesota: "I prefer to prune after the 

 trees have leafed out quite a little, rather than early in the 

 spring. Early spring pruning, and pruning just as the sap 

 starts strongly, is liable to cause bad wounds, that heal 

 slowly, and the wood is apt to die back in apple trees in this 

 section when so pruned. But this latter trouble we some- 

 times avoid by covering all the wounds with grafting- wax. 

 Then, in the case of winter- injured wood, we can tell more 

 certainly as to the extent of the injury, if the pruning is 

 not done until the growth has started." 



O. M. Lord, Minnesota City, Minn.: "My experience 

 with apple trees, though covering a period of more than 

 forty years at this place, has been limited to few varieties 

 and to my own grounds. I have found that it is almost sure 

 death to cut or trim apple trees at any time except when 

 the trees have begun to leaf out. I do not know of any 

 trees in the fruit line that will bear such severe cutting as 

 the native plums, but I prefer to trim them when the foliage 

 is nearly full." 



J. S. Harris, La Crescent, Minn.: "My opinion, based 

 upon a long experience in this Northwest, is that if the 

 injury is so great that any considerable portion of the top 

 will need to be removed, the pruning had best be done as 

 soon as the winter is broken, and long enough before spring 

 opens that there shall be no starting of sap. The pruning 

 shall extend down to uninjured wood and the wounds prop- 

 erly covered. Where the injury is not so great as to re- 



