146 THE PRINCIPLES OF PRUNING 



quire the removal of much wood, I prefer the last half" of 

 June for such pruning. Our experience here is, the worst 

 time of all for pruning is when the trees or buds are about 

 ready to swell and start, until they are nearly fully open." 



A. J. Philips, Sec. Wisconsin Horticultural Society, West 

 Salem, Wis. : "My plan with a tree that has been injured 

 would be to prune it after the severe weather of winter is 

 over, and before the tree exerts any of its weakened forces, 

 to start growth on all the top, thereby concentrating its 

 strength on a smaller surface. But in this trying climate I 

 spend but little time trying to bring back trees that are 

 badly injured. I much prefer to top work those varieties 

 that are subject to injury on a known vigorous and hardy 

 stock. My rule now is to top -work one hundred each year 

 on three to five-year-old stocks, and my orchard is grad- 

 ually increasing in value and productiveness." 



B. Wade Hewett, Pardeeville, Wis.: "My experience 

 has taught me that the earlier trees can be pruned in the 

 spring after severe freezing is past, the better. To be sure, 

 sometimes trees are so badly tipped-back that it becomes 

 necessary to wait for the selection of a leader until the 

 buds are well swollen, but all possible trimming should be 

 done before this. For best results, I would say, do all 

 fruit-tree trimming before leaves break." 



Charles Hirschinger, Baraboo, Wis.: "Severely injured 

 trees should not be pruned till the year following, not in 

 the year of injury. If pruned, wait till after the leaves 

 are half grown, or, better, till June first. Severely injured 

 trees are sometimes killed by early pruning, or by pruning 

 the same year that they were injured; but if left till the 

 next year, they frequently recover, and wounds heal over 

 nicely, which is often not the case if pruned same year 

 they are injured." 



George J. Kellogg, Janesville, Wis.: "Prune injured 

 shade (except maples) trees in March after zero weather is 

 past. Prune fruit trees after the weather will not get 



