342 SOME SPECIFIC MODES OF TRAINING 



I. Training of plants growing in the open soil. 



1. Without permanent support. 



Pyramids, 

 Globe-form, 

 Vase-form, etc. 



2. On permanent support. 

 a. On Espaliers 



cordon, 



horizontal, 



oblique, 



fan -shape, 



horizontal arm, etc. 

 6. On walls 



cordon, 



horizontal, 



oblique, 



fan -shape, 



horizontal arm, etc. 

 , II. Training of plants in receptacles (as pots 



or tubs). 



Trained in various fashions, but chiefly 

 as self-supporting bushes of many 

 shapes. 



EUROPEAN PRACTICE 



Before proceeding with our subject of special 

 forms of training, it will be necessary to con- 

 sider some of the words used in the above synop- 

 sis. In Europe (and properly) the word stand- 



