REMARKS ON TRAINING 343 



ard means growing to a single trunk and not 

 trained to a wall, trellis, or other permanent sup- 

 port. In this country, it is used in contradis- 

 tinction to the word dwarf. An espalier is a 

 trellis, or a plant which is grown on a trellis. 

 The word does not refer to the mode of training. 

 A cordon is properly a plant grown to a single 

 shoot, or to two shoots trained in diametrically 

 opposite directions. It is sometimes used, how- 

 ever, to designate plants trained to two or more 

 straight shoots which are nearly or quite parallel. 

 Although the mode of training is largely a 

 question of personal preference, it must never- 

 theless conform to the principles of pruning, 

 if it is to be successful. One of the best accounts 

 which I know of the general principles under- 

 lying the training of plants, is by Du Breuil.* 

 Before proceeding to these principles, we may 

 enumerate Du BreuiPs reasons for training: 



1. It enables us to impart to trees a form 

 suitable to the place they are intended to occupy. 



2. Each of the principal branches of the tree 

 is furnished with fruit branches throughout its 

 full extent. 



3. It renders the fructification more equal ; for 

 in removing every year the superabundant buds 

 and branches, we contribute to the formation of 

 new fruit-buds for the next year. 



*Alphouse Du Breuil, "The Scientific and Profitable Culture of Fruit- 

 trees", English edition. An excellent book for the student. 



