BOIS ON TRAINING 357 



"THE HORIZONTAL CORDON (Fig. 236) is suitable espe- 

 cially for apple trees grafted on Paradise stock, and to the 

 less vigorous varieties of pear trees grafted on quince stock. 

 This form is especially to be recommended for the borders 

 of walks. It consists of a stern which first grows verti- 

 cally, then bent at a certain height, and is maintained in 

 this horizontal position by attaching it to wire. The trees 

 are planted at a distance of two or three meters [a meter 



236. Apple trained to a simple cordon. 



is nearly forty inches] from each other, and their stems, 

 when meeting, form a long, unbroken garland or wreath, 

 which makes a very pretty effect. 



"ESPALIER training is to be especially recommended. 

 It is suitable for all kinds of fruit trees, and allows the 

 cultivation, in our latitude, of varieties the fruits of which 

 would not ripen at all, or would ripen incompletely in a 

 more exposed situation. When trained against walls, they 

 receive an amount of heat sufficient to produce fruit of a 

 superior quality. These include peaches, grapes, certain 

 kinds of apricots, apples, pears, etc. The utilization of 

 these walls is much neglected, and there would often be 

 much profit in covering with espaliers the fronts of houses 

 and all kinds of walls, especially when placed in a good 



