364 SOME SPECIFIC MODES OF TRAINING 



room than the horizontal cordon allows. One-year-old 

 apple cions grafted on Paradise stock must be planted at a 

 distance of three meters from each other. One-year-old 

 apple cions grafted on Doucin stock, and pears on quince 

 stock, must be planted at a distance of four meters from 

 each other. The first year they are cut at a distance of 

 about sixty centimeters above the ground, and near a bud, 

 which is located on the side toward which the stem is to be 

 inclined. In the autumn or in the following spring, these 

 cions are gradually bent. But if the part beyond the bend 

 must be strictly horizontal, it is necessary that the ex- 

 tremity of the cordon be slightly raised, in order to facili- 

 tate the flow of the sap, and consequently the elongation of 

 the cordon. From this time, the yearly growth of the cor- 

 don must be cut in such a way as to preserve two -thirds or . 

 three -fourths of its length. It is soon covered with 

 branches, some of which are entirely fertile (that is, bear- 

 ing fruit -producing buds), while the others, or sterile ones, 

 must be cut away. This kind of treatment prevents them 

 from obtaining too large a growth and thus still more de- 

 stroying its fertility." 



Excepting the grape, the training of the peach 

 has probably been the subject of more literature* 

 than that of any other plant ; yet so different 

 are the American conditions and ideals from 

 the European that this technical literature has 

 almost no application in this country. The 

 United States is a land of peaches, notwithstand- 

 ing the fact that this fruit is adapted to only 

 special localities. It is not necessary that we 



*Consult, as an example, Brehaut's "Modern Peach Pruner"; also 

 Hartwig "Die Kultur des Pfirsichbaumes am Spaliere," Weimar, 1886. 



