EARLY TYPES OF TRAINING 



395 



the root of the vine. The outside branches are to 

 be cut away entirely at the end of the fourth year. 

 This is an ingenious renewal post system, and it 

 is easy to see how the Horizontal Arm and High 

 Renewal systems may have sprung from it. 



Dufour's sketch of training on mulberry trees, suggested 

 by European practice. 1826. 



The next important account appears to be that 

 of John James Dufour, who wrote the "American 

 Vine -Dresser's Guide" in 1826. Dufour published 

 the second pictures of grape- train ing, two of which 

 are here reproduced (Figs. 256, 257). A part of 

 Dufour's sketch will interest us: 



