DUFOUR'S TRAINING 397 



have acquired the proper strength, they are to be trained 

 along the laths, so that one vine should furnish one story 

 only, or that all its branches should shoot on a horizontal 

 line, and nowhere else. (See Fig. 256.) The vine in the 

 left edge of the section being brought up twelve or fifteen 

 inches perpendicular to the lowest lath, there it must be 

 bent square to the right, and tied to the lath as far as the 

 other edge of the section. If that do not give too great 

 a load to the vine, every foot along the lath, a bud must be 

 left to grow, and the vine is full loaded with twelve or 

 fifteen growing buds, so that a lath twenty-five feet long 

 will require two or three years to fill it, without overloading 

 the plant. The next vine being brought up perpendicular, 

 three feet higher to the second lath, and there bent and 

 tied along the lath about as the first one ; there may be 

 also twelve or fifteen buds to grow, one being left at each 

 foot; all the buds in that part of the vines which are per- 

 pendicular, must be rubbed off except one or two just under 

 the elbow where the lath in that section has to be filled up 

 with a next year's shoot, when the vine of one story has 

 reached the boundary of the section, there it must be 

 stopped. The next vine, or the third, must go up first to 

 the third lath, and so on until the middle of the section, 

 where, after having brought the vine up to its lath, it must 

 be then bent to the left, having there more room. To have 

 a perfect espalier or bower, it requires much nursing until 

 the wall or bower is completely filled, then you will have a 

 horn every foot along each lath except the top one, which 

 must be left naked, that you may tie to it the sprouts of 

 the story under it. This horn must be made anew every 

 year, by the pruning, as directed for the festoons between 

 the mulberry trees, and what grows from them must be 

 suckered and tied to the lath above, and may be pinched a 

 couple of feet higher up. What grows on the top or roof 

 of a bower, may be left to grow at liberty after it has been 

 pruned. An espalier of vines thus trained cover a wall or a 



