410 AMERICAN GRAPE TRAINING 



ing top in 1893, while all the old top, A and B, 

 with the secondary canes, Al, A2, Bl, B2, B3, 

 etc., is cut entirely away. 



Here, then, are two distinct methods of forming 

 the bearing top for the succeeding year: either 

 from spurs, which are the remains of the previous 

 top ; or from renewals, which are taken each year 



262. Renewal pruning. 



from the old wood near the head of the vine, or 

 even from the ground. Renewals from the ground 

 are now little used, however, for the}- seldom give 

 a sufficient crop unless they are headed -in the first 

 fall and are allowed to bear the second year. It 

 should be borne in mind that the spur and renewal 

 methods refer entirely to pruning, not to training, 

 for either one can be used in any system of train- 

 ing. Spur pruning, however, is growing in dis- 

 favor among commercial grape -growers, and 

 renewal is more or less used in all systems of 

 training. 



