442 AMERICAN GRAPE TRAINING, CONCLUDED 



vineyardists usually prefer to have this head or 

 crotch a few inches below the lowest wire, to 

 facilitate the spreading and placing of the canes. 

 The trellis for the upright systems nearly always 

 comprises three wires, although only two are some- 

 times used for the smaller -growing varieties, and 



very rarely 

 four are 

 used for 



the strongest kinds, although 

 this number is unnecessary. 

 The lowest wire is stretched at 

 eighteen, twenty -four or thirty 

 inches from the ground, and 

 the two upper ones are placed 

 at distances of eighteen or 

 twenty inches apart. 



The second season after plant- 

 ing should see the vine tied to 

 the first wire. Fig. 279 is a 

 photograph taken in July, 1892, 

 of a Concord vine which was 

 set in the spring of 1891. In 

 ,the fall of 1891, the vine was 

 cut back to three or four buds, 

 and in the spring of 1892, two 

 of these buds were allowed to 

 make canes. These two canes are now tied to 

 the wire, which was stretched in the spring of 

 1892. In this case, the branches start near the 



280. Making the 

 T-head. 



