446 AMERICAN GRAPE TRAINING, CONCLUDED 



top, are seen in the center. In the fall of the 

 next year, therefore, these two outside canes will 

 be cut away to the base of these renewal stubs ; 

 and the renewal canes, in the meantime, will have 



283, High renewal, pruned, 



made a year's growth. These renewal stubs in 

 this picture are really spurs, as will be seen ; that 

 is, they contain two ages of wood. It is the pur- 

 pose, however, to remove these stubs or spurs 

 every two or three years at most, and to bring 

 new canes directly from the old wood or head. 



