450 AMERICAN GRAPE TRAINING, CONCLUDED 



which are sometimes produced on soils rich in 

 nitrogenous manures. This large and overgrown 

 wood is known as a "bull cane." A cane does 

 not attain its full growth the first year, but will 

 increase in diameter during the second season. 

 The tying, therefore, should be sufficiently loose 



285. High renewal with four canes. 



or elastic to allow of growth, although it should 

 be firm enough to hold the cane constantly in 

 place. The cane should not be hung from the 

 wire, but tied close to it, provision being made 

 for the swelling of the wood to twice its diameter. 



The shoots are tied to the second wire soon after 

 they pass it, or have attained firmness enough to 

 allow of tying, and the same shoots are tied again 

 to the top wire. All the shoots do not grow with 

 equal rapidity, and the vineyard must be gone 

 over more than twice if the shoots are kept prop- 



