HIGH RENEWAL 451 



erly tied. Perhaps four times over the vineyard 

 will be all that is necessary for careful summer 

 tying. Many vineyardists tie only once or twice, 

 but this neglect should be discouraged. This 

 tying is mostly done with green rye straw or raffia. 

 A piece of straw about ten inches long is used 

 for each tie, it usually being wrapped but once 

 about the shoot. The knot is made with a twist 



286. High renewal complete. Concord. 



and tuck. If raffia is used, a common string- 

 knot is made. When the shoots reach the top of 

 the trellis, they are usually allowed to take care 

 of themselves. The Catawba shoots stand nearly 

 erect above the top wire, and ordinarily need no 

 attention. The long -growing varieties will be 

 likely to drag the shoots on the ground before 

 the close of the season. If these tips interfere 

 with the cultivation, they may be clipped off with 

 a sickle or corn -cutter, although this practice 

 should be delayed as long as possible to prevent 

 the growth of laterals (see page 415). It is prob- 



