456 AMERICAN GRAPE TRAINING, CONCLUDED 



facilitating laying down the vine in winter in 

 cold climates. On the other hand, it has the dis- 

 advantages of bearing the fruit too low unless 

 the lower clusters are removed and making a 

 vine of inconvenient shape for tying. It is little 

 used at present. Fig. 289 shows a fan -trained 



290. The vine pruned. 



vine_ before pruning. Fig. 290 is the same vine 

 pruned, although it is by no means an ideal plant. 

 This vine has not been properly renewed, but bears 

 long, crooked spurs, from which the canes arise. 

 One of these spurs is seen to extend beyond the 

 lower wire. The spurs should be kept very short, 

 and they should be entirely removed every two 



