468 AMERICAN GRAPE TRAINING, CONCLUDED 



the growing shoots to run out on the wires in 

 this way (see page 464). 



Another common modification of the four -cane 

 Kniffin is that shown in Fig. 296, in which a 

 crotch or Y is made in the trunk. This crotch 

 is used in the belief that the necessary sap sup- 



296. The Y-trunk Kniffin. 



ply is thereby more readily deflected into the 

 lower arms than by the .system of side spurring 

 on a straight or continuous trunk. This is prob- 

 ably a fallacy, and may have arisen from the at- 

 tempt to grow as heavy canes on the lower wires 

 as on the upper one. Nevertheless, this modifi- 

 cation is in common use in western New York 

 and elsewhere. 



This Y-trunk Kniffin , as understood in western 

 New York, is explained in its various stages in 



