474 AMERICAN GRAPE TRAINING, CONCLUDED 



productive. Twice it has produced crops of six 

 tons. 



EIGHT -CANE KNIFFIN. Eight and even ten 

 canes are sometimes left on a single trunk, 

 and are trained out horizontally or somewhat 

 obliquely, as shown in the accompanying dia- 

 gram (Fig. 306). Unless these canes are cut 

 back to four or five buds each, the vine carries 

 too much wood and fruit. This system allows 

 of close planting, but the trellis is too expensive. 

 The trunk is soon overgrown with spurs, 

 and it is likely to become prematurely weak. 

 This style is very rarely used. 



CAYWOOD, OVERHEAD, OR ARBOR KNIFFIN. A 

 curious modification of the Kniffin is employed 

 somewhat on the Hudson, particularly by Sands 

 Haviland, at Marlboro'. The vines are carried 

 up on a kind of overhead arbor, as shown in 

 Figs. 307, 308. The trellis is six feet above 

 the ground, and is composed of three horizontal 

 wires lying in the same plane. The central wire 

 runs from post to post, and one upon either 

 side is attached to the end of a three-foot cross- 

 bar, as represented in Fig. 307. The rows are 

 nine feet apart, and the vines and posts twelve 

 feet apart in the row. Contiguous rows are 

 braced by a connecting-pole, as in Fig. 308. 

 The trunk of the vine ends in a T-shaped head. 

 From this T-head, five canes are carried out 

 from spurs. It was formerly the practice to 



