478 AMERICAN .GRAPE TRAINING, CONCLUDED 



have little merit, aiid will always remain local 

 in application. It possesses the advantage of 

 economy in construction of the trellis, for very 

 slender posts are used, even at the ends of the 

 rows. The end posts are either braced by a 

 pole, or anchored by a wire taken from the top 



310. Cross-wire training. 



and secured to a stake or stone eight or ten feet 

 beyond, outside the vineyard. 



RENEWAL KNIFFIN. It is an easy matter to 

 adapt the Kniffin principle of free hanging 

 shoots to a true renewal method of pruning. 

 There are a few modifications in use in which 

 the wood is annually renewed to near the ground. 

 The trellises comprise either two or three wires, 

 and are made in the same manner as for the 



