492 AMERICAN GRAPE TRAINING, CONCLUDED 



which the permanent trunk is to be grown the 

 second season. Thereafter, the instructions which 

 are given in the preceding pages for the various 

 systems will apply to the new vine. The old 

 trunk should be cut away as soon as the new one 

 is permanently tied to the wires, that is, at the 

 close of either the first or second season of the 

 new trunk. Care must be exercised to rub off all 

 sprouts which spring from the old root or stump. 

 If this stump can be cut back into the ground and 

 covered with earth, better results may be expected. 

 Old vines treated in this manner often make good 

 plants, but if the vines are weak and the soil is 

 poor, the trouble will scarcely pay for itself. 



These old vines can be remodeled easily by 

 means of grafting. Cut off the trunk five or six 

 inches below the surface of the ground, leaving an 

 inch or two of straight wood above the roots. 

 Into this stub insert two cions exactly as for cleft- 

 grafting the apple. Cions of two or three buds, 

 of firm wood the size of a lead pencil, should be 

 inserted. The top bud should stand above the 

 ground. The cleft will need no tying or wax, 

 although it is well to place a bit of waxed cloth or 

 other material over the wound to keep the soil out 

 of it. Fill the earth tightly about it. Great care 

 must be taken in any pruning which is done this 

 first year, or the cions may be loosened. If the 

 young shoots are tied to a stake there will be less 

 danger from wind and careless workmen. In the 



