496 VINIFERA GRAPE TRAINING 



and training are discussed in connection with the 

 several systems described. This should aid the 

 grower in choosing that system most suited to 

 the conditions of his vineyard, and to modify it 

 to suit special conditions and seasons. All the 

 operations of pruning, tying, staking, etc., to 

 which a cultivated vine owes its form, are con- 

 veniently considered together. 



A description of a typical vine giving the names 

 of the principal parts will make clear the accounts 

 of methods to be given later. Fig. 314 repre- 

 sents a vine of no particular order of pruning, 

 showing the various parts. The main body of 

 the vine (t) is called the trunk or stem ; the 

 principal division Cb) branches ; the smaller di- 

 visions (a) arms, and the ultimate ramifications 

 (c) shoots when green, and canes when mature. 

 A shoot growing out of the vine above ground 

 on any part older than one year (ws) is called a 

 watersprout. Shoots coming from any part of 

 the vine below ground (s) are called suckers. 

 When a cane is cut-back to 1, 2, 3, or 4i eyes, it 

 is called a spur (r). When a shoot or cane of 

 one season sends out a secondary shoot the same 

 season, the latter (I) is called a lateral. 



The Fig. 315 represents an arm of a vine as it 

 appears in winter after the leaves have fallen. 

 The canes (w 1 ) are the matured shoots of the 

 previous spring, w 2 , w 3 , w 4 represents two, three 

 and four -year -old wood respectively. Near the 



