MODES OF PRUNING 505 



of the lower eyes. This method of preventing 

 the injury of spring frosts by very late pruning 

 has been tried with bearing vines, but is very in- 

 jurious. Older vines, being less vigorous are 

 unable to withstand the heavy drain caused by 

 the profuse bleeding which ensues ; and though 

 no apparent damage may be done the first year, 

 if the treatment is continued they may be com- 

 pletely ruined in three or four years. 



Systems of Pruning 



The systems of pruning adapted to vineyards 

 in California may be divided into six types, ac- 

 cording to the form given to the main body of 

 the vine and the length of the spurs and fruit- 

 ing canes. 



A. Vine pruned to a head, with short arms. 



I. With spurs of two or three eyes only 



(short -pruning). 



II. With wood spurs of one or two eyes and 

 fruit spurs of four to six eyes (half- 

 long pruning). 



III. With wood spurs of one or two eyes 

 and long fruit canes (long -pruning). 



B. Vine with a long horizontal branch or con- 



tinuation of the trunk. 



IV. With spurs of two or three eyes only 

 (short -pruning). 



