SHORT - PRUNING 509 



it is best the first year to prune the arm at T, 

 leaving a spur for fruit, and cut the watersprout 

 at T, leaving a wood spur of one eye. The next 

 year the cane coming from the first eye of ws can 

 be left for a fruit -spur, and the arm removed at 

 T 1 . The cutting -back of an elongated arm 

 should not be deferred too long, as the removal of 

 old arms leaves large wounds, which weaken the 

 vine and render it liable to attacks of fungi. 



In order to maintain the equilibrium of the 

 arms, it is often necessary to prune back the more 

 vigorous arms severely in order to throw the 

 strength of the vine into the weaker arms. If 

 the vine appears too vigorous, that is, if it ap- 

 pears to be "going to wood" at the expense of the 

 crop, two spurs may be left on some or all of the 

 arms. In this case the upper spur should be cut 

 above the third eye (K 4 , Fig. 315), and the lower 

 above the first or second (K 1 or K 2 ). This will 

 cause the bulk of the fruit to be borne on the 

 upper spur, and the most vigorous shoots to be 

 developed on the lower, which provides the wood 

 for the following year. This is an approach to the 

 next (half -long) method of pruning. 



[Professor Wickson sends me Fig. 318 as "a 

 clear, satisfactory and characteristic view of the 

 illimitable valley raisin extensions" of California. 

 L. H. B.] 



TYPE II. Vines which require more wood than 

 can well be given by ordinary short pruning, or 



