THE DIFFERENT VARIETIES 525 



to the experience and judgment of the individual 

 grower. 



REMOVAL OF LEAVES. In order to allow the 

 sun to penetrate to and aid the ripening of late 

 grapes, it is often advisable late in the season to 

 lessen the leafy shade of the vine. This should 

 be done by removing the leaves from the center of 

 the vines, and not by cutting away the canes. In 

 this way only those leaves are removed which are 

 injurious, and as much leaf surface as possible is 

 left to perform the autumn duty of laying up 

 food -material for the spring. The removal of 

 leaves should not be excessive, and if consider- 

 able, should be gradual, otherwise there is danger 

 of sunburn. It is best, first, to remove the leaves 

 from below the fruit. This allows free circulation 

 of the air and penetration of the sun's rays, which 

 warm the soil and are reflected upon the fruit. 

 This is generally sufficient, and in any case only 

 the leaves in the center of the vine, and especially 

 those which are beginning to turn yellow, should 

 be removed. 



Classification of the Varieties 



In the list of varieties which follows, an at- 

 tempt has been made to indicate the mode of 

 pruning which is likely, in the light of our pres- 

 ent knowledge, to give the best results for each 

 variety. It should be understood, however, that 



