INDEX TO ILLUSTRATION 



Frontispiece, View in the Author's Orchard at Vineland, N. J. 



Figure Page 



1,2,3. Typical Forms of Angers 



Quince '. 22 



4,5. Typical Forms of Orange 



or Apple Quince 23 



6. Champion Quince 24 



7. Chinese Quince 24 



8. Fuller Quince 26 



9. Meech's Prolific Quince. ... 28 



10. Missouri Mammoth Quince 30 



11. Pear Quince.. ... 31 



12. Portugal Quince 31 



13. Rea's Mammoth Quince ..- 32 



14. Laying out in Squares 43 



15 Laying out in Quincunx. ._ 44 



16. Quincunx by Circles 44 



17. Fixed Marker 45 



18. Adjustable Marker 45 



19. Movable Triangle.. 45 



20. Locating Board 46 



21. Locating Board in Use 46 



22. Good Tree Digging 48 



23. Bad Tree Digging 48 



24. 25. Heeling-in Trees 51 



26. Layering 55 



27. Mound or Stool Layering. . 57 



28. Large Cutting 58 



29. Root Grafting 58 



30. Root Cutting 59 



31. Splitting Knife and Chisel. 60 



32. Cleft Grafting 60 



33. Splice Grafting.. 60 



34. Saddle Grafting. 61 



35. 36. Side Grafting.. 61 



37, 38. Crown Grafting... 62 



39, 40. Budding Knives 62 



41. Stick of Buds 63 



42. Cutting a Bud 63 



43. Training a Shoot from a Bud 63 



(VII) 



Figure Page 



44. Pruning Shears. 65 



45. Buds and Branches 66 



46. Tree before Pruning 70 



47. Tree after Pruning 71 



48. Bad and Good Pruning .... 72 



49. Effects of Bad Pruning 72 



50. Injury from Bad Pruning .. 73 



51. Result of Good Pruning ... 73 



52. Ringing 75 



53. A Cheap Step-Ladder. 79 



54. Stave Basket.... 79 



55. Fruit Crate.... 80 



56. Stem at a Bud as Affected 



byRaestilia aurantiaca... 86 



57. Stem between Buds Affected 



byRaestilia aurantiaca--- 87 



58. Fruit and Stem as Affected 



by RaBstilia aurantiaca--- 88 



59. Spore of the Raestilia, Mag- 



nified 400 Diameters 89 



60. Allorhina nitida 89 



61. Leaves Affected by Morth- 



iera Mespili 90 



62. Morthiera Mespili, Magni- 



fied 400 Diameters 91 



63. Mycelium of the Fungi.. .. 91 



64. Hendersonia Cydonia, Mag- 



nified 400 Diameters 91 



65. Leaves Affected by Hender- 



sonia Cydonia 92 



66. Leaf Blight 93 



67. Larva of the Borer 98 



68. Pupa of the Borer 98 



69. Beetle of the Borer 98 



70. Woolly Aphis 100 



71. Cut- Worm, Moth -. . 102 



72. Chrysalis of the Variegated 



Cut- Worm.. ..103 



