WHEH TO TKAKSPLAtfT, ETC. 53 



above the mean temperature of the air. Some soils are 

 much warmer than others, and serve as a natural hot -bed 

 for the roots of the newly-set tree, encouraging the for- 

 mation of a callus on cut and bruised roots as well as the 

 emission of many new roots, and so preparing for a 

 vigorous start in the spring, as well as a successful win- 

 tering. The greater cold of the air prevents the buds 

 from starting until the warmth of spring, when vegeta- 

 tion generally becomes active. 



Where the climate is too cold for the newly-set 

 trees to carry forward the healing of cut and bruised 

 roots, which is the case where winter sets in early, and 

 the ground freezes as deep as the roots extend, there will 

 be great danger from fall planting. The freezing and 

 thawing of all heavy soils operates greatly to the disad- 

 vantage of all newly-planted trees. In warm, dry, and 

 sandy soils, if the setting is well done any time before 

 winter begins, or even during the mild spells of winter, 

 success is a reasonable expectation. 



The soil is cold in the spring, and is much more 

 slowly heated than the air, which stimulates the buds, 

 and new leaves are developed more rapidly than the 

 roots, and, as a consequence, the reduced roots of the 

 transplanted tree are heavily taxed to supply the needed 

 moisture. Now unless the top was cut back in pro- 

 portion to the roots, the tree will suifer, and may die. 

 Often the spring-set tree leaves out as well as the fall-set 

 tree, but suddenly dries up and fails because the roots 

 can not supply moisture. It does not matter whether a 

 tree is just set, or has been long established, if moisture 

 does not get into its top as fast as it dries out the tree 

 will die, in the summer or winter, fall or spring. 



Trees set in the fall are in more favorable circumstances 

 to get the benefit of the winter and spring rains to settle 

 the earth among their roots ; and being thus established, 

 they are ready to commence new growth in the first, warm 



