WHY To STUDY 25 



Why? Because what we mean by "heavier than water" is that the same 

 quantity of a given substance is heavier than the same quantity of water. 



After Archimedes discovered his principle, we knew immediately 

 that if we could bend iron so that it would occupy more cubic feet of 

 space than that same number of cubic feet of water would weigh, it 

 would be "lighter than water" and would float. 



Heavy iron ships could not, however, be of practical use until some 

 one again, discovered the principles of steam or electricity, and so they 

 were not used until such principle was found. This shows well the 

 inter-relationship of things that men do, no matter how many years 

 apart the doing may be. 



In Biology, which means the Science of Life, (Gr. Bios=life+ 

 logos=discourse) we are interested in finding principles, so that no 

 matter in what position we may be placed in later life, we can always 

 think back, find our principle^ and apply it in a thousand and one 

 different ways. 



The finding of principles, which is real science, must never be con- 

 fused with the application of these principles. 



The former is what is meant by science while the latter is merely 

 ordinary labor. 



Inventors apply scientific principles, they are therefore not scientists. 



Another point to be remembered is that animals (as well as children 

 before they reach the so-called age of reason) learn by doing a thing 

 over and over, until success or failure comes. If success conies, they 

 make such successful endeavor a part of their later life. This is called 

 the trial and error method of learning. 



Educated men and women do not try out each and everything, but 

 come to their conclusions by weighing the evidence for and against a 

 principle, and if the principle is found to be worthy of consideration, 

 adjust their actions accordingly. 



This is well illustrated if one finds a man attempting the invention 

 of a perpetual motion machine. 



It is a well established principle of physics that no more work can 

 be obtained from a machine than is put into it, and even then a little 

 loss must be allowed for on account of friction. 



All educated men know this law of nature, and consequently do 

 not waste their time on such a fruitless undertaking. 



But, should any one refuse to accept this principle, there is nothing 

 left but to continue trying and trying, and coming to the conclusion of 

 its uselessness by personal failure. The obtaining of principles is then 

 the great work of science. Science itself has had many definitions. 

 Some of the best are: 



"Systematized knowledge." 



"Classified common sense." 



"Checking up and getting rid of one's prepossessions." 



