How To STUDY 31 



rapid or may be slowed even to the point of complete stoppage by me- 

 chanical, chemical, and sometimes by mental stimuli. 



IV. CLASSIFICATION 



(a) Phylum. 



(b) Class. 



(c) Order. 



(d) Family. 



(e) Genus. 



(f) Species. 



V. Finally, remember that your study may be interpreted from any or 

 all of the following points of view : 



Both plants and animals must always be thought of when discussing 

 living matter, and both are studied in practically the same manner. But 

 as no one man can study all about plants or animals, or even about every- 

 thing that pertains to only one plant or animal, scientific men have 

 divided their work into group-studies as follows : 



I. Morphology: (Gr. morphe=form) Study of Form. 



1. Promorphology (Gr. pro=First+morphe=^Form) which 

 treats of General Form. 



2. Anatomy (Gr. anatemno to cut up) The study of organ- 

 isms by dissection. Usually studied on the dead individual; that is, a 

 study of Structure. 



Subdivision 



(a) Gross, or Macroscopic (Gr. macro large) that which can 

 be seen with the naked eye. 



(b) Microscopic (Gr. micro=small) embracing the study of 

 the more minute structures with a microscope. 



Splanchnology (Gr. splanchnos=organs) 

 Histology (Gr. histos=web, or tissue) 

 Cytology (Gr. cytos=cell) 

 Neurology (Gr. neuron=nerve) 



3. History of Development, that is, a study of the different 

 stages through which an organism passes from the moment the fertilized 

 cell begins dividing. 



Individual Evolution, Embryology (Gr. en=in-f bruo bud, 

 Ontogeny (Gr. on=existing-f genna=to begin), the study of the indi- 

 vidual before birth. 



Racial Evolution (Phylogeny). (Gr. phylon=tribe.) The 

 study of the race. 



4. Teratology (Gr. teras=wonder) the study of malformations 

 and monstrosities in organisms. 



II. Physiology. The Study of Functions. 



1. Physiology Proper, (Gr. physis=nature) the functional rela- 

 tion of part to part and to the whole. 



