390 GENERAL BIOLOGY 



1603 Fabricius : discovered valves in the veins. 



1603 Harvey : discovered circulation of the blood. 



1622 Ascello : discovered the lacteals. 



1649 Rudbeck : discovered the lymphatics. 



1650 Swammerdam : first great student of insects in relation to plants 



and medicine. 



1661 Malpighi : founder of pathology; discovered the capillaries in the 

 lungs ; founded modern embryology by a study of the incuba- 

 tion of the chick (1672). 



1667 Leeuwenhoek : first to see bacteria. 



1668 Redi: disproved spontaneous generation of insects by the discov- 



ery of eggs and larvae ; wrote "Esperienze intorno alia Gcnera- 

 zione degl' Insetti." 



1670 Mayow : studied animal respiration. 



1671 Hooke : worked out microscopical structure of plants. 



1680 Borelli: proved that all the movements of animals are caused by 

 muscles pulling on bone levers ; wrote "De Motu Animalium." 



1682 Grew: studied structure of plants. 



1693 Ray : classified plants. 



1727 Hales: investigated respiration of plants. 



1743 Haller: father of modern physiology. 



1744 Reaumur: studied insects. 



1749 Buff on: wrote a natural history. 



1753 Linnaeus: founder of modern botany; classified plants. 



1761 Koelreuter : studied hybridization of plants. 



1764 Bonnet: evolutionist ; grouped animals in an ascending series. 



1764 Wolff, Friedrich, Caspar: overcame the preformation doctrine. 



1772 Rutherford: discovered nitrogen. 



1774 Priestley: discovered oxygen and studied the breathing of plants. 



1775 Spallanzani : disproved spontaneous generation of bacteria and 



molds and demonstrated presence of living germs in the air. 



1789 Galvani : discovered animal electricity. 



1790 Goethe: worked out a scheme for the metamorphosis of the parts 



of plants. 

 1794 Darwin, Erasmus: grandfather of Charles Darwin; wrote "Zoono- 



mia," a long poem outlining evolution of life. 

 1796 Jenner: discovered vaccination. 

 1796 Sprengel : studied fertilization of plants. 

 1800 Cuvier: founder of modern comparative anatomy; wrote "Le, 



Regne animal," 1817. 



1800 Bichat: founder of modern histology. 



1801 Lamarck: invented a scheme for the evolution of animals (by con- 



scious effort and inheritance of acquired characters ; not 

 proved). 



