THE HISTORY OF BIOLOGY 391 



1801 Treviranus : introduced the name "biology" as distinguished from 



"botany," "zoology," "physiology," "anatomy," etc. 

 1804 Humboldt: studied distribution of plants. 

 1807 Rumford, Count: demonstrated absorption of carbonic acid by 



plants. 

 1811 Bell, Charles: discovered motor and sensory nerve roots; founder 



of modern neurology. 



1818 G. St. Hilaire: pointed out unity of plan in animals. 

 1823 Von Baer: discovered the law of embryological development; (all 



higher forms pass through somewhat similar forms to lower 



ones in the embryological period). 

 1830 Brown: described cell nucleus. 

 1833 Muller, Johannes: founder of modern comparative physiology. 



Wrote Handbuch der Physiologic des Menschen. 

 1835 Dujardin: studied protoplasm. 

 1838 Schleiden : discovered the cell as unit of structure in plants. 



1838 Schwann: discovered the cell as unit of structure in animals. 



1839 Agassiz : wrote on fresh-water fishes. 



1841 Helmholtz: discovered rate ot nerve impulse. 



1853 Mohl: studied protoplasm (living substance). 



1857 Pasteur: founder of bacteriology; studied fermentation. 



1858 Darwin: reported his work upon the origin of species by natural 



selection and applied evolution to man. 



1858 Wallace : reported his work upon the origin of species by natural 

 selection. 



1858 Virchow: worked out cellular pathology; founder of modern cellu- 

 lar pathology. 



1861 Schultze, Max: established protoplasm doctrine. 



1863 Huxley: wrote "Evidence as to Man's Place in Nature." 



1863 Lyell : wrote "The Antiquity of Man." 



1865 Sachs : studied structural botany. 



1865 Mendel: founder of modern genetics; discovered the law of 

 heredity. 



1867 Lister : worked out aseptic surgery. 



1875 Galton: studied inheritance. 



1875 Hertwig, O. : studied fertilization. 



1880 Koch : proved the relation of bacteria to disease. 



1880 Laveran: discovered malarial parasite (in the mosquito). 



1886 Leuckart : settled the modern classification of animals ; specialized 

 on parasites. 



1893 Weismann: showed that germ-plasm and somatoplasm nre dis- 

 tinct. 



1893 Zittel : wrote most important work on fossils. 



