PALEONTOLOGY 



399 



animal, whose species is now extinct, that of a mammoth found frozen 

 in the ice of Siberia (Fig. 246), whose flesh was in excellent condition. 



In oil-bearing" sands many excellent fossil specimens have also been 1 

 well preserved. 



But the fossil remains which have excited most discussion and spec- 

 ulation are those which are supposed to have belonged to human beings 

 higher in the grade of life than the highest apes \ve now know, and yet 



A. 



C. 

 Fig. 247. 



A. Remains of Pithecanthropus erectus; the single femur shown in different 

 aspects. 



B. Remains of the Neanderthal man in the Provincial Museum at Bonn. 



C. The Heidelberg Jaw. 



(A. From "The Open Court", B. from "Weltall V. Mensehheit", C. from 

 Bryee after Schoet Ensack.) 



distinctly lower than man. Authorities, however, disagree considerably 

 as to what type of being these bones represented, some insisting their 

 possessor was human, and some that he was not. 



One of the most important of these "finds" (1891-1892) is that of 

 a part of a skull, two teeth, and a femur (Fig. 247, A). These parts lay 

 at some distance from each other, so that we cannot be certain that they 

 belonged to the same individual, but it is assumed they do. The shape 



