EVOLUTION 413 



Notwithstanding this fact, one must, however, have some kind of 

 a gauge by which to measure the plausibility of a proposed theory. 

 Otherwise there is not even an approach toward finding whether any 

 given evidence is of value. 



It is to assist the student in forming such a gauge that the follow- 

 ing seven questions are here tabulated. These must be answered by any 

 theory which is to win complete and final acceptance. 



CRITERIA FOR A SATISFACTORY EVOLUTIONARY THEORY 



These questions refer to organic evolution in its widest significa- 

 tion, as referring to both the individual and the race. 



(1) How did life originate? 



(2) How can a more complex individual develop from ancestors 

 which were less complex? 



(3) How can an organism adapt itself to its surroundings? 



(4) What causes the so-called mechanically directed types of varia- 

 tions known as Orthogenesis? . 



(.5) What causes the series of the many undoubtedly purposive 

 adaptations ? 



(6) What causes the factors of heredity to behave as they do? 



(7) What factors can account for mentality and intelligence (which 

 are non-physical things) arising from physical and non-mental matter? 



References. 



Charles Darwin, "The Origin of Species by Natural Selection." 



Delage and Goldsmith, "The Theories of Evolution." 



Vernon L. Kellogg, "Darwinism To-day." 



Lull, Barrell, Schuchert, Woodruff, and Huntington, "The Evolution 

 of the Earth and Its Inhabitants." 



Henry M. Bernard, "Some Neglected Factors in Evolution." 



Lawrence J. Henderson, "The Order of Nature." 



S. Herbert, "The First Principles of Evolution." 



Thomas Hunt Morgan, "A Critique of the Theory of Evolution." 



Erich Wasmann, "Modern Biology and the Theory of Evolution." 



Erich Wasmann, "The Problem of Evolution." 



N. C. Macnamara, "The Evolution and Function of Living Purposive 

 Matter." 



A. D. Darbishire, "An Introduction to a Biology." 



George McCready Price, "The Fundamentals of Geology." 



George McCready Price, "The Q. E. D." 



James Johnstone, "The Philosophy of Biology." 



