CLASSIFICATION 



643 



Pulyi>liTus larva 



Lepidosteus osseus (gar pike) 



f 



petf 



Anna calva (buu- fn\) 



Fig. 368. Ganoids. 



In B, e.g., Large external gill of the hyoid arch ; PC., pectoral fins ; Pv., pelvic 

 fins. The larva is drawn in a very characteristic attitude. 



In C note the elongated snout, the barbules bounding the ventral mouth, the 

 operculum covering the gills, the rows of bony scutes, the markedly heterocercal 

 tail. 



D, Ventral and side view. 



F, Amia calva (Bow fin), c.f., caudal fin; d.f., dorsal fin; pct.f., pectoral fin; 

 pv.f., pelvic fin; v.f., ventral fin. (B, after Budgett ; D, after Goode ; E, after Ten- 

 ney ; F, after Giinther. ) 



Order III.* Holostei (6 extinct and 2 living families). 



These include the bow-fins and gar-pikes. (Fig. 368). 



Order IV. Teleostei. 



Sub-Order I. Malacopterygii (21 families). 



These include tarpons, herring, salmon, etc. (Fig. 369). 



Sub-Order II. Ostariophysi (6 families). 



These include carp, tench, cat-fishes, etc. (Fig. 369). 



Sub-Order III. Symbranchii (2 families). 



A small group of eel-like fishes having characteristics of both 



Ostariophysi and Apodes. 

 Sub-Order IV. Apodes (5 families). 

 These are the eels. (Fig. 369). 

 Sub-Order V. Haplomi (14 families). 

 These are the pickerel, killifishes (mud-minnows), etc. 

 Sub-Order VI. Heteromi (5 families). 

 These are the Fierasfer, etc. (Fig. 370). 

 Sub-Order VII. Catosteomi (11 families). 



These are the stickle-backs, pipe-fishes, sea-horses, etc. (Fig. 370). 

 Sub-Order VIII. Percesoces (Flying fishes) (12 families). 

 These include the Belone, sand-eels, rag-fishes, etc. (Fig. 370). 



*The student will meet with the term "Ganoid" in his reading. This merely refers to a shiny 

 scale. In the United States the gar-pike (Lepidosleus) found in the Mississippi Valley, is commonly 

 mentioned, although older writers made a distinct grouping of Ganoids, consisting of Orders I, II 

 and III, using the African Polypterus as the classic example. In Lepidosteus, Ganoid scales have 

 a sort of peg and socket arrangement. 



