158 PHYSIOLOGY CHAP. 



degrees, but it is difficult completely to abolish the two component 

 tastes. 



It is by these effects of compensation of different tastes, as 

 well as by the varied association of gustatory with tactile, thermal, 

 and olfactory sensations, that the flavour of nauseous medicines 

 is corrected and the different ingredients of food materials are so 

 combined as to convert the four primary tastes into innumerable 

 complex flavours. 



To conclude, the effects of compensation of tastes support the 

 doctrine by which all tastes are considered as different qualities 

 of one and the same modality of sensation. 



BIBLIOGRAPHY 

 General Monographs on Taste, comprising earlier and recent literature : 



V. VINTSCHGAU. Hermann's Handbuch d. Physiol., 1879. 



E. GLEY. Art. " Gustation," Dictionnaire encyclopedique d. sciences medicales. 



Paris (no date). 



MARCHAND. Le Gout. Bibl. intern, de psycol. exper. Paris, 1903. 

 N. VASCIDE. Art. "Gout," Dictionnaire de physiologic, Ch. Richet, 1906.^ (Most 



complete monograph on Taste, comprising all literature between 1754 and 



1905.) 



H. ZWAARDEMAKER. Ergebnisse der Physiologic, ii. Wiesbaden, 1903. 

 W. NAGEL. Nagel's Handbuch der Phys. d. Menschen, 1905. 



Important Experimental Contributions are to be found in the following 

 works : 



R. SCHIRMER. Inaug. Diss. Gryphiae, 1856. 

 R. SCHIRMER. Deutsche Klinik, xi., 1859. 

 TICK. Lehrbuch der Anat. und Physiol. d. Sinnesorg., 1864. 

 RICHET and GLEY. Compt. rend. Soc. de Biol., 1885. 

 ADUCCO and U. Mosso. Giorn. R. Accad. med., 1886. 

 GOLDSCHEIDER and SCHMIDT. Zentralbl. f. Physiol. iv., 1890. 

 HERMANN and LASERSTEIN. Zentralbl. f. Physiol. iv., 1890. 

 NAGEL. Zeitschr. f. Psychol. u. Physiol. d. Sinnesorg. x., 1892. 

 KIESOW. ' Wundt's Philos. Studien, ix. x. xii., 1894, 1896. 

 HOBER and KIESOW. Zeitschr. f. physikalische Chemie, xxvii., 1898. 

 HOBER and KIESOW. Arch, per le scienze mediche, xxiii., 1898. 

 DE-SANCTIS. I sogni, 1899. 



STERNBERG. Zeitschr. f. Psychol. u. Physiol. d. Sinnesorg. xxii., 1899. 

 ROLLETT. Archiv f. d. ges. Physiol. Ixxiv., 1899. 

 WUNDT. Vblkerpsychologie, i. 1, 1900. 

 KIESOW and NADOLECZNY. Ibid. i. 1, 1900. 

 KIESOW and NADOLECZNY. Arch. ital. de biologic, xxx., 1898 ; xxxvi., 1901. 



LUCIANI. Fisiologia dell' uomo, 4th ed. iv. 



KIESOW and HAHN. Ibid, xxvii., 1901. 



OEHRWALL. Skand. Arch. f. Physiol. ii., 1891 ; xi., 1901. 



STAHR. Zeitschr. f. Morphologic u. Anthropol. iv., 1901. 



HAENIG. Inaug. Diss. Leipzig, 1901. 



HAENIG. Wundt's Philos. Studien, xvii., 1901. 



FONT ANA. Giornale della R. Ace. di Med. di Torino, vol. viii., year Ixv., 1902. 



FONTANA. Zeitschr. f. Psychol. u. Physiol. d. Sinnesorg. xxviii., 1902. 



WUNDT. Grundziige d. physiol. Psychologic, lii., 1902. 



HOEBER. Zeitschr. f. Psychol. u. Physiol. d. Sinnesorg. xxxiii., 1903 ; xxxvi., 



1904. 

 SCHLICHTING. Zeitschr. f. Ohrenheilkunde, xxxii. 



