CONTENTS 



PAGE 



INTRODUCTION ... ... 1 



1. Threefold division of biological science. 2. Special objects of 

 physiology. 3. Materialism, neo- vitalism, Ostwald's energetic monism, 

 Mach's psychical monism, pragmatic pluralism. 4. Physiology of 

 the cell ; general and comparative physiology ; human physiology. 

 Bibliography. 



CHAPTER I 



^ 

 LIVING MATTER : ITS CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL BASIS . .11 



1. The cell-theory. 2. Morphology of the cell. 3. Structure of 

 protoplasm. 4. Structure of nucleus. 5. Chemical elements of the 

 cell. 6. Protein basis of living matter. 7. Classification of proteins. 

 8. Chemical constitution of proteins. 9. Enzymes or ferments. 10. 

 Classification. 11. Other nitrogenous organic substances, fats, carbo- 

 hydrates or saccharides, inorganic substances. 12. Chemical structure 

 of living matter. Bibliography. 



CHAPTER II 



LIVING MATTER : ITS FUNDAMENTAL PROPERTIES . . .42 



1. Vital metabolism, and phenomena of nutrition and repro- 

 duction. 2. Vital metabolism and phenomena of excitability and 

 sensibility. 3. Laws of stability and variability of living species. 

 Critical examination of Theory of Evolution ; Darwinism, and Neo- 

 Lamarckism. 4. Evolutionary theories of 'Nageli, Weismann, De Vries. 

 5. Distinctive characters of plants and animals : (a) Doctrine of 

 Linnaeus ; (6) doctrine of Cuvier ; (c) doctrine of J. R. Mayer, Dumas, 

 Liebig. 6. Different forms of plant and animal metabolism : (a) Nitri- 

 fying bacteria ; (&) green plants ; (c) a-chlorophyllous plants ; (d) 

 herbivorous and carnivorous plants. Bibliography. 



