EXTERNAL STRUCTURE. 



being often more or less strongly toothed. The mandibles can be 

 opened and closed independently of the other parts of the mouth. 

 The maxillae and labium are situated beneath the very small 



Internal 

 border 



Fig. 3. Mandible of Formica pratensis Q 



labrum and keep the mouth completely closed except when the ant 

 is feeding. 



The maxillae consist of a car do or hinge, a stipes or stem, a 

 lacinia or inner -blade, a galea or outer -blade, and a palpus which 

 may consist of from one to six joints. 



Galea 



Maxillary 

 palpus 



Gustatory 

 papillae 



Lacinia 



Stipes 



Cardo 

 Fig. 4. Maxilla of Formica pratensis ty. 



The outer-blade is furnished with gustatory papillae, and a row 

 of bristles used in cleaning the legs, etc. 



The labium consists of a submentum or hind-chin, a mentum or 

 chin, the hypopharynx and paraglossae which are double, the glossa 



