LIFE HISTORY. 37 



larva, and is unable to pass on to the imaginal stage. This has 

 not been observed in any British ant, nor have the similar forms 

 which occur in the female and worker. 



6. The mermithaner is a male with short wings, caused by the 

 presence of an internal worm of the genus Mermis. 



7. The gynaecaner , or gynaecomorphic male, resembles the female 

 rather than the male. The number of joints of the antennae is 



Fig. 46. Ergatandromorph of Formica sanguined. Bewdley, 20. VII. 1909. 



(Bondroit. ) 



the same as in the former, but it may be winged, or wingless as in 

 Aner gates. 



8. The ergataner, ergatomorphic, or ergatoid male, is without 

 wings, and sometimes closely resembles the worker, but may also 

 be more like the normal male. With some species which possess an 

 ergataner, a winged form is also present, the male being dimorphic. 

 Some of these wingless males possess only the same number of 

 joints to the antennae as the worker, for example the very ergatoid 

 male of Ponera punctatissima, others possess one more joint, for 

 instance, the male of Formicoxenus nitidulus. 



