94 BRITISH ANTS. 



purposes. Fertilized females from this colony were placed near the 

 openings of eight nests of Tetramorium in Forel's garden at Chigny, 

 when some of them entered nests without attracting much atten- 

 tion. In other instances females were carried into the nests by the 

 workers, males on the other hand being treated with some animosity, 

 carried away and abandoned. One vigorous colony however 

 behaved differently ; males and females placed near the entrance 

 being seized, pulled about, and carried some distance away. Later 

 in the day some of the females that had entered the nests were 

 brought out and thrown away, and the fact that none of these 

 nests finally accepted an Anergates female as their queen was 

 proved by Forel who examined them next year, and found that 

 they contained no Anergates, but male and female Tetramorium 

 pupae were present in all of them. 



Several experiments 24 with Anergates females from the New 

 Forest and Tetramorium colonies in observation nests were carried 

 out by Crawley and myself, these females being attacked and 

 killed by the Tetramorium workers, except in one experiment, thus 

 contrary to the results obtained by Adlerz and Wasmann, in which 

 it will be remembered they were readily received. My observation 

 nest contained a fertile deflated female Tetramorium, workers 

 and larvae which had been taken at Whitsand Bay in July, 1911. 

 In one experiment on July 25th, 1912, the Anergates female, 

 when introduced into this nest, seized a Tetramorium worker 

 by the antennae and held on for some time (in all Crawley's 

 experiments the same thing took place), eventually letting go and 

 walking about among the ants the Anergates was sometimes 

 picked up and carried about by a worker, remaining quite quiet 

 and doubled up, but eventually entering the chamber containing 

 the Tetramorium queen and the greatest number of workers ; 

 there she was cleaned by some of the workers and was evidently 

 accepted by them, and quite at home, not having been attacked 

 in any way for some hours, when the nest, having been left in the 

 sun, the workers became unduly excited and the Anergates female 

 was killed and cut in two. 



Crawley's observation nest contained a large number of winged 

 female Tetramorium, males, and pupae, besides workers, obtained 

 in June, 1912, at Seaton. Two of the females had recently got 

 rid of their wings in the nest, whether they had been impregnated 

 by their brothers, or not, is unknown, but this point is important 

 in view of the fact that the nest contained no old fertile queen. 

 On July 25th, 1912, an Anergates female holding a Tetramorium 

 worker by the tip of an antenna was introduced into this nest 

 and by next day she was definitely accepted as queen. In a few 

 days' time all the Tetramorium males and females were killed and 

 cut up by the workers and their bodies piled in a heap, and from 

 thence onward the Anergates female was always treated as their 



