MYRMICA. 121 



pupae begun to turn brown, and the eggs were about 15 in number. 

 On the 16th a second pupa began to turn brown. On the 21st a 

 fifth larva had turned into a pupa, and there were about 20 eggs. 

 On July 22 the first worker emerged, and a sixth larva had 

 changed. On the 25th I observed the young worker carrying the 

 larvae about when I looked into the nest ; a second worker was 

 coming out. On July 28 a third worker emerged, and a fourth 

 on August 5. The eggs appeared to be less numerous, and some 

 had probably been devoured." 14 



On September 28th, 1912, I found two ruginodis deflated females 

 at Wellington College, side by side in a small hole in the ground, 

 and this suggests that on occasion two females may join together in 

 founding a colony. 



El win 12 found larvae and pupae present in a colony in his 

 possession after three years, there being no female present. These 

 would have hatched from eggs laid by the workers ; he mentions 

 that no more females were bred, but this is not surprising, since 

 female ants are practically never bred in confinement. 



I have taken the following Aphidae in ruginodis nests : For da 

 formicaria Heyd., Tycheoides setariae Pass., Brysocrypta lactucaria 

 Pass., B. ranunculi Kalt., Schizoneura corni F., Tetraneura ulmi 

 Geoff, and Aphis plantaginis Schr. Parfitt recorded Hypopi (the 

 young of Acari) on the gasters and antennae of ants of this species 

 in a nest near Exeter 16 . 



The following other myrmecophiles have been found with this 

 ant in Britain 33 : 



Coleoptera : Atemeles emarginatus Pk., Drusilla canaliculata F., 

 Lamprinus saginatus Gr., and Staphylinus stercorarius Ol. 



Ichneumonidae ; Pezomachus aquisgranensis Forst. 



Braconidae : Pachylomma buccata Nees. 



Proctotrupidae : Ceraphron myrmicarum Kieffer. 



Diptera : Microdon mutabilis L., larva, Apiochaeta (=Phora) 

 conformis Wood and A. femorata Wood. 



Collembola : Cyphodeirus ( Beckia] albinos Nic., and Smyn- 

 thurus caecus Tull. 



Acarina : Laelaps myrmecophilus Berl. 



Crustacea : Platyarthrus hoffmanseggi Brandt. 



Myrmica ruginodis Nyl. var. sulcinodo-ruginodis Emery and Forel. 



Myrmica rubra race sulcinodis Nyl. (et varr., ruginodis ? et sulcinodis- 

 ruginodis ?) Forel Den. Schw. Ges. NW. 26 77 (1874) 1 . Myrmica sulcinodo- 

 ruginodis Emery and Forel Mitt. Schweiz. Ent. Gessell. 5 461 (1879) 2 ; Er. 

 Andre Hym. Europe 2 319 (1881) 3 . Myrmica ruginodis Nyl. var. sulcinodo- 

 ruginodis Dalla Torre Cat. Hym. 7 116 (1893) 4 . Myrmica sulcinodis-ruginodis 

 Emery Deutsch. Ent. Zeitschr. 1908 174 6 . 



Forel 1 states that certain varieties of Myrmica sulcinodis are so 





