FORMICA. 



245 



1 f Mandibles armed with four, or five, teeth ; clypeus emarginate . . . 

 J sanguined Latr. 



- { Mandibles not armed with four, or five, teeth ; clypeus entire 2 



2 f Head excised posteriorly exsecta Nyl. 



(1) I Head not excised posteriorly 3 



3 / Robust, broad ; body much more hairy ; eyes hairy 4 



(2) \ More slender, narrower ; body less hairy ; eyes without hairs 5 



4 / Slightly more robust ; body and eyes more hairy . . pratensis Retz. 



(3) \ Slightly less robust ; body and eyes less hairy rufa L. 



5 ( Gaster shining 6 



(3) \ Gaster dull 7 



6 ( Thorax with more, and longer, hairs and pubescence ; gaster less 



strongly punctured, and with longer, and less close, pubescence . . 



, picea Nyl. 



(5) Thorax with scarcely any hairs or pubescence ; gaster more strongly 

 punctured, and with shorter and closer pubescence fusca L. 



7 J Scale deeply emarginate fusca v. rubescens For. 



(5) I Scale widely but not deeply emarginate 8 



8 [ Legs mostly red ; outstanding hairs on thorax shorter and sparser . . 



fusca v. glebaria Nyl. 



(7) J Femora and tarsi usually blackish ; outstanding hairs on thorax 

 I longer and thicker rufibarbis F. 



Formica rufa L. 



[" The Hill Ant " Gould Account English Ants (1747)] 1 . Formica rufa 

 Linnaeus Syst. Nat. Ed. 10 1 580 (1758) 2 . Formica dorsata Panzer Faun. 

 Ins. Germ. 54 1 (1798) 3 . Formica rufa Latreille HN. Fourmis 143-150 

 (1802) 4 . Lasius emarginatus Fabricius Syst. Piez. 416 (1804) ^ 5 . ["La 

 fourmi fauve dos rouge" Huber Moeurs Fourmis (1810)] 6 . Formica rufa 

 Hill Mag. NH. 6 476 (1833) 7 ; Conway Mag. NH. 7 266-2(57 (1834) 8 ; Kirby 

 Proc. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1 XXV (1835) 9 ; Lees Nat. 1 154 (1837) 10 ; Clarke 

 Mag. NH. (n.s.) 2 393 (1838) 11 ; Zetterstedt Ins. Lappon. 1 448 (1838) 12 . 

 Formica obsoleta Zetterstedt Ins. Lappon. 1 449 (1838) 13 . Formica lugubris 

 Zetterstedt Ins. Lappon 1 449 (1838) 14 . Formica rufa Curtis Brit. Ent. 16 

 expl. PI. 752 (1839) 15 ; F. Smith Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 3 151-154 (1842) 16 ; 

 Plant Zool. 2 473-474 (1844) 17 ; Nylander Acta. Soc. So. Fenn. 2 902 1047 

 1059 (1846) 18 . [" The Large Wood Ant " Daniell Zool. 5 1931 (1847)] 19 . 

 Formica rufa Nylander Acta Soc. Sc. Fenn. 3 26 (1849) 20 . Formica rufa v. 

 major Nylander Acta. Soc. Sc. Fenn. 3 29 (1849) 21 . Formica rufa Forster 

 Hym. Stud. 1 13-15 (1850) 22 . Formica polyctena Forster Hym. Stud. 1 15 

 (1850) 23 . Formica truncicola Forster Hym. Stud. 1 21 (1850) 24 . Formica 

 rufa Schenck Jahrb. Ver. Naturk. Nassau 8 23-2S 25 136 26 (1852). Formica 

 polyctena Schenck Jahrb. Ver. Naturk. Nassau 8 25 137 (1852) 27 . Formica 

 piniphila Schenck Jahrb. Ver. Naturk. Nassau 8 28 138 (1852) 28 . Formica 

 rufa F. Smith Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. (n.s.) 3 100 (1855) 29 ; Mayr Verh. 

 Zool. Bot. Ver. Wien 5 328-331 (1855) 30 ; F. Smith Cat. Brit. Foss. Hym. 

 4 (1858) 31 . Formica apicalis F. Smith Cat. Hym. Brit. Mus. 6 49 (1858) 32 . 

 Formica herculanea Warner Sc. Gossip 1871 198 33 . Formica rufa Buchanan- 

 White Scot. Nat. 1 216-222 258-263 (1872) 34 . Formica rufa r. rufa Forel 

 Denkschr. Schweiz. Ges. Naturw. 26 52 35 203-204 36 219 37 408 38 (1874). Formica 

 rufa Forel Bull. Soc. Vaud. Sc. Nat. 14 59-60 (1875) 39 ; Lubbock Mo. Mic. 

 Journ. 18 Pf. 192 : 3-4-7 (1877) 40 ; Bignell Ent. Mo. Mag. 16 267 (1880) 41 ; 

 Parfitt Trans. Devon Assn. Sc-Art 12 513 (1880) 42 ; Saunders Trans. Ent. 

 Soc. Lond. 1880 204 43 ; Er.Andre Spec. Hym. Europe 2 184 (1881) 44 ; Lub- 

 bock Ants, Bees, Wasps 15 (1882) 45 ; Collett Ent. Mo. Mag. 20 42 (1883) 46 ; 



