246 BRITISH ANTS. 



Matthews Ent. Mo. Mag. 20 209-210 (1884) 47 ; Darwin Life and Letters 3 

 192 (1887) 48 ; Bowman Sc. Gossip 1889 32-34 49 198-200 50 ; Dalla Torre Cat 

 Hym. 7 206 (1893) 51 ; Farren-White Ants' Ways 73 62 202 53 231 54 (1895) ; 

 Saunders Hym-Acul. 20 (1896) 55 : Ent. Mo. Mag. 32 161 (1896) 56 ; Bignell 

 Ent. Mo. Mag. 33 141 57 183 58 (1897) ; Morley Ent. Mo. Mag. 33 158 (1897) 69 ; 

 Janet C. R. Acad. Sc. Paris 130 (1898) 60 ; D. Sharp Camb. NH. Ins. 2 148 

 (1899) 61 ; Yung Arch. Sc. Phys-Nat. 10 46-56 (1900) 62 ; Poulton Proc. Ent. 

 Soc. Lond. 1901 X XIII 63 ; Donisthorpe Proc. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1901 XIII 64 ; 

 Wheeler Bull. Amer. Mus. NH. 20 347-375 (1904) 65 ; Wasmann Biol. Centralb. 

 25 194-199 (1905) 66 : Tijds. Ent. 48 214-219 (1906) 67 ; Joy Ent. Rec. 20 19 

 (1908) 68 ; Donisthorpe Ent. Rec. 20 281-283 (1908) 69 : Trans. Leicester Lit- 

 Phil. Soc. 12 221-222 (1908) 70 ; Wasmann Biol. Centralb. 28 258-260 (1908) 71 : 

 Arch. Tri. Inst. Grand-Ducal Luxemberg 4 3-12 (1909) 72 : Naturwiss. 

 Wochenschr. 8 407 (1909) 73 ; Wheeler Journ. New York Ent. Soc. 17 172-176 

 (1909) 74 . ["The Large Wood Ant" Weiss New Phytol. 8 81-89 (1909) 75 ]. 

 Formica rufa Standen Lanes. Nat. 2 190 (1909) 76 . Formica rufa rufa Emery 

 Deutsch. Ent. Zeitschr. 185 (1909) 77 . Formica rufa Donisthorpe Trans. Ent. 

 Soc. Lond. 1910 143-144 78 : Ent. Rec. 22 82-83 (1910) 79 ; Wheeler Ants 654 

 (1910) 80 ; Donisthorpe Ent. Rec. 23 10 (1911) 81 : Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 

 1911 175-178 82 : Entom. 44 390 (1911) 83 : Ent. Rec. 24 7-9 (1912) 84 : Marvels 

 of Universe 27 1099-1104 (1912) 85 ; Evans Scot. Nat. 1912 105 86 ; Rusch- 

 kamp Biol. Centralb. 32 213-216 (1912) 87 ; Wasmann Zeitschr. Wissens. Zool. 

 101 113 (1912) 88 ; Donisthorpe Ent. Rec. 25 65 (1913) 89 ; Crawley and 

 Donisthorpe Int. Ent. Cong. Oxford 1912 2 37-47 (1913) 90 ; Brun Zeitschr. 

 Wissens Insektenbiol 9 15-17 (1913) 91 ; Kutter Biol. Centralb. 33 703-707 

 (1913) 92 . Formica rufa rufa Wheeler Bull. Mus. Compar. Zool. 53 425-427 

 (1913) 93 . Formica rufa Donisthorpe Ent. Rec. 26 40 (1914) 94 ; Morice and 

 Durrant Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1914 430 (1915) 95 . 



Zetterstedt, p. 450 sp. 8, writes " F. rufa " ; this is a misquotation, 

 No. 1725 L. Fn. Suec. = Formica rubra L. Zetterstedt correctly 

 refers to rufa on p. 448 sp. 3 12 . 



ty Lighter or darker brick-red ; front, vertex, antennae, legs, sometimes a 

 line down the centre of clypeus, often a spot on the pronotum, which does not 

 however reach the posterior border, and occasionally another on the mesonotum 

 dark brown, or blackish brown ; gaster blackish, or blackish brown, more or less 

 red at the base. 



Fig. 87. Scale of Formica rufa . 



Head about as long as broad, not emarginate posteriorly, lateral border 

 somewhat rounded ; clypeus distinctly carinate, not emarginate anteriorly ; 

 frontal area shining, smooth, or slightly punctured ; mandibles armed with 

 eight teeth ; antennae stout, funiculus with apical joints longer and slightly 

 narrower than penultimate joints ; eyes without, or with indistinct hairs. 

 Thorax narrower than head and gaster ; pro- and mesothorax convex ; strongly 

 constricted between mesothorax and epinotum ; epinotum seen in profile 

 rounded but evidently angled. Scale large, broad, hexagonal, sometimes 

 emarginate at apex, bare, or with a few hairs ; gaster large and broad, rather 



