FORMICA. 301 



and workers fed side by side. July 5th, the female had collected 

 all the pupae into a corner and rested on them ; two workers were 

 with her, but several others were dead and injured. July 6th, 

 the female was on guard over all the pupae in one corner, and all 

 but three of the workers had been killed. They tried to remove the 

 pupae one by one, but the female brought them back again. Some 

 pupae and larvae from a fusca nest from Weybridge were intro- 

 duced, and the female collected them all together into her corner. 

 July 15th, only two workers not killed, these were quite friendly 

 with the female, all resting together on the pupae. All went well, 

 and they all remained on friendly terms till the termination of the 

 experiment. 



No. 9. On July 12th, 1909, Hamm sent me a small fusca colony 

 from Shotover, near Oxford, which contained many pupae and 

 workers. On July 23rd the wings were removed from a virgin 

 sanguined female (taken at Bewdley) ; she was first placed in a tin 

 with some pupae, and afterwards introduced into this colony on 

 July 24th. She killed two workers, which attacked her, and later 

 captured some of the pupae, on which she rested in a corner, 

 the workers collecting the remainder into another corner. Later 

 she injured a worker, killed another which fastened on to her leg, 

 and captured more of the pupae. July 25th, all the workers but 

 one were killed, the female resting on all the pupae in a corner. 

 July 26th the female carried the pupae about and arranged them 

 all together. A few glebaria workers were introduced into the nest, 

 and when these approached the pupae the sanguinea female sprang 

 forward, seized and shook them, as a terrier shakes a rat, killing 

 them all. This experiment differed slightly from the previous one 

 in that the female killed all the workers, and took possession of all 

 the pupae 71 . 



In none of the thirteen experiments when a sanguinea female 

 was introduced into a glebaria colony was she accepted by the 

 workers ; she was always killed by them, generally the same day. 



In one of my experiments carried out in 1912 the result demon- 

 strates how powerfully a female sanguinea can resist when attacked, 

 and where if she had been living in nature she might possibly retire 

 and escape. On July 10th a sanguinea female sent to me by Marti- 

 neau from Bewdley was placed in the light chamber of a nest con- 

 taining a strong colony of F. fusca from Porlock, and blocked in by 

 herself with cotton-wool as I was going away for a couple of days. 

 On my return on July 13th I found the fusca workers had forced 

 an entrance, the sanguinea female was dead, and no less than 

 fifteen dead fusca workers lay beside her. 78 



The next two experiments show that not only do artificially 

 dealated virgin females exhibit the same instincts as newly fertilized 

 self-dealated ones, but that they also lay eggs. 



On July 2nd, 1912, I removed the wings from a young virgin 



