FORMICA. 317 



This variety is abundant at Whitsand Bay, nesting under large 

 stones all along the slopes by the sea ; in the New Forest its nests 

 consist of earth-mounds in open places, by the sides of enclosures, 

 and also among scattered trees ; and in the Isle of Wight I have 

 found it under stones, in the sides of cliffs, and in small earth- 

 mounds. The habits of glebaria are similar to those of fusca, but 

 it is not quite so cowardly. 



Emery considers glebaria to be a subspecies of fusca, because the 

 latter will not readily bring up the pupae of the former, and when 

 nearly mature, treat them with hostility 37 . 



Wheeler is not prepared to accept it as a subspecies 43 , and I do 

 not consider the treatment of the pupae in captivity to be a suffi- 

 cient test in this matter ; Forel had a nest of Leptothorax tubero- 

 affinis which brought up two workers of Tetramorium caespitum 

 from pupae he gave to the former (Fourmis Suisse 340), and I gave 

 some eggs of Formica rufa to workers of F. fusca and F. glebaria, 

 and they reared some of them to pupae (these eggs were taken in a 

 nest of F. rufa at Bexhill, and the fusca and glebaria workers were 

 slaves from my former sanguinea nest) , but these occurrences do not 

 make the Leptothorax and Tetramorium, or the F. rufa and F. fusca 

 forms, more nearly related. 



The colonies of glebaria at Whitsand Bay appear to belong to a 

 common stock ; at any rate Keys found that females and workers 

 from different colonies in that locality agreed perfectly well to- 

 gether, and on July 14th, 1909, he sent me several different lots 

 with pupae, which voluntarily mingled and formed a single 

 colony 31 . 



As with fusca, the pupae of glebaria are often naked ; Keys 

 found such pupae at Whitsand Bay in 1908, and I have found 

 them in nests which also contained pupae in cocoons at Sandown, 

 Isle of Wight, in 1908, and again, on August 13th, 1913. 



I have found males and winged females in glebaria nests in July 

 and August. 



The females of glebaria of course found their colonies unaided ; 

 I found a small incipient colony consisting of a queen and about 

 twelve workers, some of them being callows, in the top of an earth 

 mound in the New Forest 40 , and Emery reared a small brood in 

 captivity. 



On June 25th, 1909, he isolated a deflated female without food 

 July 7th eggs were laid July 30th four cocoons and two large 

 larvae present August 4th the larvae had disappeared August 

 12th four very small workers emerged August 14th more eggs 

 laid and he then gave food to the small colony September 2nd a 

 naked pupa present, the others that appeared after this were all 

 naked October 5th an imago emerged, which was just as small as 

 the first brood, as were all the other workers that subsequently 

 appeared 32 . 



