APPENDIX II 301 



Vauxhall, Liverpool, 1847 ; missionary labours in Chile 

 and Peru, 1867 ; hon. canon of Chester, 1874, and (on creation 

 of Liverpool diocese, 1880) of Liverpool. Antiquary and 

 writer on social subjects. 



HUTTON, James (1726-97), originated uniformitarian 

 theory of formation of earth's crust, published in Theory 

 of the Earth, 1795. 



JACOBI, Karl Gustav Jacob (1804-51), professor of 

 mathematics, Konigsberg, 1827-42. 



JANSSEN, Pierre Jules Cesar (1824-1907), French astro- 

 nomer (1824-1907), undertook many scientific missions in 

 different parts of Europe, S. America, Algeria, Asia, and the 

 Pacific, observing solar eclipses, magnetic phenomena, etc. 



JENNER, EDWARD (1749-1823), F.E.S., medical practi- 

 tioner, discoverer of vaccination, which he first practised 

 in 1796. 



JOHNSTON, James Finlay Weir (1796-1855), F.E.S., 

 chemist to Agricultural Soc. of Scotland. 



JONES, John Viriamu (1856-1901), F.E.S., first principal, 

 Univ. Coll. of S. Wales, Cardiff, 1883 ; vice-chancellor of 

 new Welsh Univ., 1893. Electrical and physical standards. 



JOULE, James Prescott (1818-89), F.E.S., student under 

 Dalton ; researches on the mechanical equivalent of heat, 

 conservation of energy, thermo- dynamic properties of 

 solids, etc. 



KATER, Henry (1777-1835), F.R.S. ; saw military 

 service in India ; geodesist ; pendulum experiments, 

 researches in telescopy, etc. 



KELLAND, Philip (1808-79), F.E.S., professor of 

 mathematics, Edinburgh Univ., 1838-79 ; president, Eoyal 

 Soc., Edinburgh, 1878. 



KIRCHHOFF, Gustav Eobert (1824-87), professor of 

 physics, Heidelberg, 1854 ; ibid., Berlin, 1875 ; developed 

 spectrum analysis (with Bunsen). Researches in mathe- 

 matical physics, electricity, etc. 



KUPFFER, Adolf Theodor (1799-1865), professor of 

 chemistry, physics, and mineralogy, Kasan Univ., Eussia, 

 1824-28 ; director of Magnetic and Meteorological Office, 



