112 BRITISH BEETLES. 



French entomologist) possesses a smooth, spherical, red- 

 dish eye a little behind each antenna. The legs are 

 rather long, and composed normally of five joints, of 

 which the coxa is much developed, and the apical, or 

 tarsus, is sometimes wanting ; the hooks which it bears 

 in that case being transferred to the fourth joint, though 

 sometimes entirely wanting. 



The pupae are formed in cocoons or cells, constructed 

 (usually underground) of portions of the food of the 

 larva, often mixed with particles of dirt; and in which 

 the perfect insect, after its exclusion, remains for some 

 time until its integuments are hardened. 



The Lamellicornes are divided into two sub-sections, 

 founded on the position of the abdominal spiracles, 

 which are always seven in number on each side; the 

 first being at times easily seen (as in Copris and Geo- 

 trupes), and at times hidden between the metathorax 

 and abdomen, and the remainder varying as follows : 

 in the Pleurosticti (including the Cetoniidce, Rute- 

 lida, Melolonthida, Sericidce, and Hoplida) some of 

 them are placed in the membrane connecting the ventral 

 and dorsal segments of the abdomen, but the greater 

 number are situated on the upper side of the ventral 

 segments themselves, with the last spiracle at least un- 

 covered when the elytra are closed ; and in the Laparo- 

 sticti (including the Geotrupida, Copridce, Aphodiida, 

 Trogida, and Lucanidte) they are all placed in the con- 

 necting membrane, and consequently covered entirely by 

 the closed elytra. There is this further difference, that 

 in the Pleurosticti (with the exception of certain of the 

 exotic Hoplida) the ligula is horny, and soldered to the 

 mentum ; and in the larva the two lobes of the maxillae 

 are soldered together; whilst in the Laparosticti the 



