THE HETEROMERA. 155 



lateral margin of the head; they include a doubtful 

 species of the typical genus Pedinus, and one other, 

 Heliopathes yibbus, abundant in hot sandy places by the 

 sea. The latter is deep-black in colour, shining, oblong, 

 of clumsy shape, with coarsely punctured elytra, the 

 epipleura of which are conspicuously ridged at the 

 shoulder, the anterior tibiae are triangular, and the three 

 basal joints of the front tarsi strongly widened in the 

 male, in which sex the posterior femora are fringed be- 

 neath. 



The larva is filiform, cylindrical, whitish, with a brown 

 head and thorax, and strong fossorial front legs : the 

 head and tail are slightly hairy, and the apex of the 

 abdomen is furnished with eight erect tubercles. 



The OPATRID.E have the tarsi simple in both sexes, 

 and present numerous other smaller differences from the 

 Pedinidce, with which they are sometimes associated. 

 Our two species have the eyes divided, and the clypeus 

 deeply notched (as in Heliopathes} but in Opatrum 

 the maxillary palpi have the last joint hatchet- shaped, 

 whilst in Microzoum it is almost ovate. Both are dull 

 black and somewhat depressed; and occur in similar 

 places to the Pedinidts. O. sabulosum, much the lar- 

 gest of the two, is common on the south coast. 



The TRACHYSCELID^E never have the last joint of the 

 maxillary palpi hatchet-shaped ; their antennae are short, 

 and the projection between their coxae is triangular. In 

 Trachyscelis, a doubtful British genus, the antennae are 

 shorter than the head and distinctly clubbed ; and the 

 eyes sunk in the thorax, the sides of which, and the 

 elytra, are fringed with long hairs. In Phaleria the 

 antennae are longer than the head, and not clubbed ; 

 the eyes are more free, and there are no lateral fringes. 



